Transformational And Transactional Leadership ...

Transformational and transactional leadership are two forms of leaders that vary in traits and effectiveness within the business environment. In accordance to issues such as social corporate responsibility and dealing with the change of organisational structure within a business entity both forms of leadership provide different characteristics to provide varying results in dealing with these issues. Transformational and transactional leadership are polar opposites when it comes to the underlying theories of management and motivation. Understanding the differences between transformational and transactional leadership is crucial for anyone pursuing a career in management. Transformational leadership goes beyond maintaining and managing a†¦show more content†¦Transformational leaders utilize their allure to go about as good examples for their association. As regarded and respected Leaders, they demonstrate to subordinates generally accepted methods to perform assignments with determination and vitality. Transformational leaders ordinarily acknowledge hazards with a specific end goal to accomplish advancement. On the other hand, unreasonable danger could be troublesome and impeding to the association. On the off chance that leaders demonstration shamelessly or dishonestly, the whole operation endures. Time consumption can gradually affect the company. The aftereffects of transformational authority require some serious time. Transformational leaders must contribute time and vitality building trust and persuading devotees to have faith in an imparted vision. Associations planning to attain moment comes about by introducing a transformational lead er are prone to be confused and frustrated. Transactional leadership styles are more concerned with maintaining the normal flow of operations. Such leadership can be described as a more organisational approach. These managers are solely concerned with keeping the stability of the business and micro managing the day to day operations of the entity. This is done through the use of disciplinary power and an array of incentives to motivate employees to perform at their very best. Performance related rewards whether monetary or non-monetary areShow MoreRelatedTransformational And Transactional Leadership : Transformational Leadership1279 Words   |  6 PagesTransformational and Transactional leadership Mark Johnson American Public University Dr. Xiaodong Wu BUSN698 April 30, 2017 Abstract Proper management of institutions is the key to the success of such a firm. The kind of leadership being dispensed directly affects the motivation of employees and their productivity. The two most prominent kinds of leadership are transformational and transactional leadership. This article seeks to discuss the two kinds of leadership and eventually proposeRead MoreTransformational Leadership : Transformational And Transactional Leadership1468 Words   |  6 Pagesonline Oxford Dictionary, leadership is â€Å"the action of leading a group of people or an organization.† But what makes someone a leader? To put is simply, a leader is someone that motivates and inspires those around them to achieve a common goal or vision. That may sound fairly simple, but not everyone is a leader. And there are several different leadership styles to consider. The two most common styles are transformational and transactional leadership. Transformational leadership is generally definedRead MoreTransformational And Transactional Leadership : Transformational Leadership1715 Words   |  7 PagesTransformational and Transactional Leadership Transformational leadership taps into the motives of followers in order to reach their goals, while transactional focuses on the exchanges that occur between leaders and followers (Northouse, 2013). The branches of the military in general would be considered transactional leadership organizations. This type of leadership encourages followers to perform tasks at a high level in order to achieve advancement or increase in pay or rank. Conversely, transformationalRead MoreTransactional And Transformational Leadership : A Transformational Leader1149 Words   |  5 PagesTransactional and Transformational Leadership For this paper, we were asked if we saw ourselves as a transactional leader or a transformational leader. This was a tough question. When I held managerial positions, I would not have my worker do anything I would not do. I would work beside my workers and encourage them along with overseeing their work. Overall I feel I am a mixture of both leader styles. I will discuss why below. Transactional Versus Transformational Transactional and transformationalRead MoreTransactional and Transformational Leadership2111 Words   |  9 PagesTRANSACTIONAL TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP Burns Theory of Transformational Transactional Leadership The idea of transformational leadership between leaders and followers was first developed by James McGregor Burns in 1978. He distinguishes between leaders who are, or attempt to be ethical and moral, and power wielders, who are not. In an essay 20 years later, Burns returns to this idea, arguing that: - ï  ¶ Transactional leaders, through their transactions, make use of modal valuesRead MoreLeadership : Transformational Leadership And Transactional Leadership Essay1607 Words   |  7 PagesTheory Transformational Leadership Theory was introduced in 1978 by political sociologist James Mac Gregor Burns and expanded by industrial psychologist Dr. Bernard Bass. In this theory, Burns differentiated two styles of leadership: transformational leadership and transactional leadership. In transformational leadership, it is a process where both the leaders and the followers elevate motivation and morality. The transformational leaders pay attention to the needs and motives of followers and helpRead MoreTransactional and Transformational Leadership2126 Words   |  9 PagesTRANSACTIONAL TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP Burns Theory of Transformational Transactional Leadership The idea of transformational leadership between leaders and followers was first developed by James McGregor Burns in 1978. He distinguishes between leaders who are, or attempt to be ethical and moral, and power wielders, who are not. In an essay 20 years later, Burns returns to this idea, arguing that: - ï  ¶ Transactional leaders, through their transactions, make use of modal values suchRead MoreTransactional and Transformational Leadership1913 Words   |  8 PagesYuan Ye (Carol) IBT07148 Transactional and Transformational Leadership [pic][pic] To: Nour Akalay Management June , 2008 Transactional and Transformational Leadership Leadership has been an important topic in the social sciences for many years. Recently, renewed interest in the concept of leadership has been aroused. â€Å"The resurgence of interest in studying the topic of leadership appears to be accompanied by an acceptance of the distinctionRead MoreLeadership Transformational And Transactional Leadership2269 Words   |  10 PagesLeadership-Transformational v. Transactional Devine and Winter (2012, p. 25) state, â€Å"there is nothing magical about leadership, and there is nothing magical about teaching it or learning it.† They go on to define leadership as the ability to influence those who work for you to want to accomplish and strive to reach organizational goals and objectives. Those who influence others must understand the theories of motivation so that these theories can be applied, communicated and taught in orderRead MoreLeadership : Transformational And Transactional Leadership2198 Words   |  9 PagesWithin an international organization, the choice of leadership is highly important to build a successful organization. There are two types of leadership, which includes transformational and transactional leadership. This essay will examine the advantages and disadvantages of transformational leadership and how Apple has used leadership to build a successful organization. Steve jobs, the former CEO of Apple Company, and a transformati onal leader took a small computer company and transformed it into

Unit 1 Business Enviroment Free Essays

Describe how John Lewis would be influenced by economic factors in a time of economic recession and economic growth in the UK economy The two economic environments that I would be describing about are recession and growth on the business activities of John Lewis. Growth occurs when more goods are being produced and consumed, and also incomes are rising. During growth people spend more money on goods and services as they have more money to spend and also businesses would invest more and hire more labour as it links to increasing demand. We will write a custom essay sample on Unit 1 Business Enviroment or any similar topic only for you Order Now Recession however occurs when people involved in business become more cautious so they cut their spending down and also cut back on their orders as well as making workers unemployed or redundant. Growth affects the business activities for John Lewis because just as economy can change for a business so can demand for products and both could be associated with each other. During periods of growth you expect to see a fairly high demand for John Lewis’ good quality products so customers and potential customers would buy as during this time customers behaviours over money is more care free compared to when its in a period of recession. Mostly you could see John Lewis looking into recruiting more workers as since demand can increase a lot during the growth environment they’ll need more workers to spread out the job load for the employees otherwise if the business didn’t and just overloaded a employee with workload it could de-motivate that worker a lot it would contradict with the theory of Frederick Herzberg about the 5 factors to bring the potential to satisfy in a worker and the other 5 factors to motivate a worker after the you fulfil the factors that bring the potential to satisfy first. Or John Lewis could get the employees internally through transferring existing employees from other John Lewis branches of which are not at a so busy period as some other branches. Since customers and potential customers become more care free on how they spend their money, this is the period within the economy where you’re mostly likely to see customer switching back to their normal spending traits and return to spending money happily on good quality products, so demand in substitute products would decrease around this period. This will benefit John Lewis as sales for the good quality products would be increasing which furthermore could lead to John Lewis recovering from their losses if they were in one and go into break even or begin to start getting profits. John Lewis would buy more stock from its suppliers at this period of the economic environment as when demand increases you must get more supply to meet that demand. Also John Lewis at the time since they buy in bulk from their suppliers they can benefit from getting more stock at a good price that gives good value for money, as usually suppliers would offer you extra amounts of stock if you buy in large quantities. During this period of time interest rates would be low compared to in recession because there isn’t as much financial institutions to try get as much finance as they can from small amounts of borrowings from their company in this period as customers, business etc intend to borrow more money in this period of time as they are fairly financially stable, so to encourage the businesses and customers to begin taking sources of finance they lower the rates. So John Lewis is more likely to start borrowing sources of finance if needed then in the period of growth. Recession affects the business activities for John Lewis because in recessions it causes a drop within demand for most good quality products potential customers and customers use to buy before. As during this period of time customer’s behaviours change to usually only spending on good quality products for what they essentially need but nevertheless if it was a want customers usually look for a substitute product that still meets the needs and purpose of a particular product but is just found at a cheaper price because of the type of brand it is etc. As usually this is when we see customers taking more care of their money and become more cautious on what they spend their money on. When customers change their behaviour in spending it would affect also John Lewis as since it’s concentrated solely on selling good quality products at high prices they would suffer from a reduced amount of income coming into the business at times of recession. Therefore businesses would usually cover their losses and begin unemploying workers at the business so it reduces businesses costs in the long term. As a result John Lewis may start encountering losses during this period of economic recession as most of the products they sell are high quality products which are sold at its reasonable valued price so the price may still be high for most existing customers at the time, therefore sales in these products would reduce. The methods John Lewis would try to recover from the losses in the short term would be to begin unemploying workers and making other employees redundant. However, in recession John Lewis would have a drawback of not benefiting at all from their suppliers as since demand is falling they would buy smaller quantities of stock so you will no longer benefit from getting extra stock as you didn’t buy in bulk, so value for money decreases and also you will still be charged for full price deliveries etc as you have to pay for their transport, and the amount you pay is determined by how much they have to travel. In recessions we see interest rates intend to be high as financial institutions would like to benefit as much as they can from small amounts of finance borrowed therefore it can help the economy get out this economic environment quicker. M2 – Compare the challenges faced by John Lewis in the periods of growth and recession Challenges faced by John Lewis in economic period of growth are maintaining a high performance team, managing cash flow and knowing when to say no to the right or wrong opportunities. Managing cash flow is a challenge for John Lewis because when they enter the period of growth they must manage their cash inflows and outflows on a daily basis and avoid getting too engaged in the change of economic environment. Maintaining a high performance team is a challenge faced by John Lewis because they must first make sure they are hiring the right talented people for the job as well to train the employees to the degree of what high performance means for John Lewis. This is very time consuming and costs a lot of money. Knowing when to say no to the right or wrong opportunities is a challenge for John Lewis because good opportunities will strengthen things about John Lewis and will end in a convincing value plan. Whereas bad opportunities will do the opposite to John Lewis and bring their business reputation down and will bring problems to the business. So overall, knowing when to say could determine the business’ future and is very time consuming as you must think thoroughly about the decisions the business as a whole is going to make. John Lewis faced challenges in the recession in our economic environments of which are increased unemployment, economic uncertainty and the engagement of employees. Increased unemployment is a big challenge for the recruiting department of John Lewis because as unemployment is rising so are the number of applicants looking for jobs therefore the recruitment department would need to work even harder to make sure the select the right talented worker as well go through all the application. This is time consuming and costs the business money. Economic uncertainty is a challenge for John Lewis because since government spending is reducing, debt crisis and looming threat of recession are occurring; John Lewis can’t manage to keep reducing their costs forever so they direct their new attention into growth and expansion in order to find a method to get out of the period of recession. Engagement of employees to John Lewis because during difficult economic periods their employees must be supported well and efficiently so labour productivity can stay at a fairly stable level to keep the business running properly. So overall challenges faced in recession are tougher than challenges in growth for John Lewis because more money tends to goes out of the business rather than in as during the recession they have to pay redundancy, deal with loads of applications for jobs, pay the usual business running costs as well as lower prices for their products and services customers are more cautious over their spending. Whereas during the growth period money coming into the business and out can seem to break even or you will get more money coming in then out. This is because during growth customers’ behavior over spending tends to be more carefree and also John Lewis won’t have to keep their lowered prices like in recession because they could still manage to sell their products and services at a higher cost. Also in growth since demand is likely to be higher, business costs for stock and materials will be better value for money than to recession as you don’t buy in bulk as much during recession periods unless the product or service is a substitute to expensive versions of the product or service. So John Lewis could benefit more from their suppliers during growth periods. How to cite Unit 1 Business Enviroment, Papers

Australian Prefabricated Housing Industry †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Australian Prefabricated Housing Industry? Answer: Introduction: The housing market of Brisbane has ticked the boxes for future growth in terms of the prices, but the same would require quite a good time to come up with the actual start that is required for the particular market. According to the reports of CoreLogic, the housing industry in Brisbane has experienced a drop in the value of the price in the last month. In fact, the values went down by almost 0.3% in the first few days in July. The market has been flat for a long time. However, there is no doubt that the industry is growing at a small rate and that many builders and contractors can easily take advantage of the same and grow up their business. In an interview based with around 250 industry participants, it has been evident that the capital city has a price growth of 3.4% with the units expected to lose at a value of 0.8% in the coming year. In fact, the housing price will further move upwards and will definitely reach out a particular position where it shall be effective enough to pro vide strong response to the lowest interest rates. In fact, the rates have also been revised from that of the 2016 and that is of the present situation. In fact is the housing industry of other parts of Australia is taken into consideration, it can be easily pointed out that the condition of Brisbane is much better than other parts of Australia. Thus, the opportunity for the builders and constructors is high for carrying out the business activities in this regard. All these factors can easily be accessed and that the housing industry can easily consider these factors in exhibiting preferences on the housing activities in Brisbane. On the other hand, other particular regions like Melbourne or Sydney are also at a competitive situation because these two places are also found to attract good number of investors in the housing industry. Aims and objectives: The aim of this study is to evaluate the growth rate of the Brisbane Housing industry. This will help the major housing and construction companies like Hutchinson Builders to understand the market demand and the growth of the industry and that how much they can be benefitted from the housing industry. The objectives of the study are: To understand the actual market situation of the Brisbane Housing industry To evaluate the factors that are responsible for the slow growth of the Brisbane Housing industry To recommend certain factors that would help the housing and construction companies like Hutchinson Builders to carry on their business more effectively. Significance and relevance of the research: This particular topic has been selected for the study because it is clear enough that the housing industry has been growing and that major businessmen can easily take the opportunity of the same and can carry on their business activities accordingly. The findings and the interpretation of the research would be helpful for these business activists and at the same time, it shall be a better approach towards this industry. The housing industry of Brisbane can also help to increase the GDP of the country as a whole. Thus, carrying out a study on this particular topic is rather important. Problem statement: Economic forecasting has suggested that there will be a stagnant or moderate falling in the price of the houses or others related to the housing industry. There is no particular indication as when the housing industry will be at a better position either this year or in coming years. Thus, there is a pessimistic view on the overall industry that has kept the major business activists in great trouble. However, in case if the housing industry provides good opportunities to these investors it shall be beneficial for them to improve their business activities. This study shall focus on the importance and implication of the increasing demand of the housing and property that shall directly affect the overall economic condition of the country Methodology: This section of the study is based on the methodology that has been used for carrying out the research. It is very important to design the research in the most appropriate way in order to get the result of the findings. Below is the detailed discussion on the methodology used for this particular study. Research method outline: For this particular research, the positivism research philosophy has been used to evaluate the secondary data. For the research approach, the deductive method has been used that has made it easier to understand the theories and concepts in details. In addition to this, the descriptive or the analytical research design has been used as the research design. On the other hand, in order to collect the primary data, interview had been taken from 5 managers of Hutchinson Builders has been taken in order to get the overall idea about the particular research topic. Research philosophy: There are three research philosophies namely, positivism, realism and interpretivism. Philosophy helps to carry out the research in a detailed and objective manner. For this particular research topic, positivism research philosophy has been selected because the topic needs to be discussed in a logical and in depth way. It is only by the means of positivism research philosophy, the topic can be investigated in a logical and critical manner. On the other hand, the two forms of research philosophy, namely, interpretivism and realism are based on the human perception and the concepts can vary from one person to the other. Thus, these two philosophies are not the suitable approaches for this particular study. Research approach: There are two types of research approaches, namely inductive and deductive approaches. The inductive approach deals with the already existing theories and deductive approach deals with new concepts and ideas. It has to be understood that for this particular study, the findings and interpretation is largely depended on the perspective of the people who are directly engaged in the business activities of the housing industry. It is for the same reason, 5 managers have been interviewed and their opinion has been noted. So, the deductive research approach has been undertaken in this respect. Research design: The three research designs are analytical or descriptive research design, explanatory and the exploratory research design. The idea of the descriptive design is to provide a detailed and analytical view if the overall study. The exploratory design helps to understand the concept at the initial stage of the research. It is for the same reason the analytical or the descriptive research design has been used for carrying out the analysis of this particular research. An in depth idea of the critical factors that are responsible for the overall growth of the housing industry in Brisbane. Research strategy: The findings and implications of this particular research is based on the information gained by interviewing the managers of the particular construction company. Therefore, the research strategy adopted is the interview method. It has to be understood that in order to get sufficient information from a good number of respondents, the survey method is used. However, in this particular situation, it would not be possible to carry out a survey among people who shall be readily gives their point of view on this particular topic. So, other forms of research strategies have been avoided for this particular research. Sampling method and sampling size: The two types of sampling techniques namely probability and non-probability sampling techniques are the common form of sampling techniques used for carrying out a research. For the purpose of interviewing the managers, the non-probability sampling technique had been selected. It was by this means, detailed information on the particular issue was gained from the particular group of people interviewed. Data collection method: Data has been collected by the means of both primary and secondary sources. For the secondary data, information available from the various sources available over the internet. These include the newspaper articles, journals and any other information related to the particular topic under discussion. In addition to this, previously research papers have also been taken under consideration for this particular purpose. In addition to this, the primary data that have been used for the purpose of this study has been collected by the means of taking interview from the managers of the particular industry. The overall findings of the particular research are based on the data collected from both the sources. This gives a detailed understanding on the topic and how the different factors are affecting the housing industry of Brisbane. Data analysis: There was no data that had been gathered from surveys, so there was no scope for analysing the data. The qualitative data that has been collected by the means of the interview technique, thematic approach has been used for the analysis. In addition to this, the secondary data that have been collected from various sources have also been evaluated by the means of thematic approach. Thus, overall thematic approach has been used for the purpose of data analysis for this particular research study. Ethical consideration: Ethical consideration was an important part in the overall research study. Ethical approach was taken for the collection of both secondary and primary data. At the time of collecting the secondary data, consideration was made on the plagiarism activity. It was thoroughly checked that there was no plagiarism involved in the secondary data sources. For this, each and every sources that have been used for the purpose of carrying out the research. For the primary data, it should be noted that none of the respondents were forced to participate in the particular study. Consent from each and every member was taken. It was kept under consideration that the participation of the people was only for the sole purpose of the academic work and nothing else. The questionnaire supplied to the respondents did not contain any kind of logo or symbol that would act like an advertising activity. Interpretation of the findings: 1300 In order to understand the perspective of those who invest in the housing industry of Brisbane, interview of five managers of the Hutchinson Builders was taken. The interview was a semi-structured interview with a number of open ended questions. The questions were related to the recent prospect, the growth rate and the annual profit margin of the housing industry in Brisbane. This gave a clear idea on how the builders actually work on the market and that how well they are prepared with upraise and fall down of the market situation related to the building industry of Brisbane. The data and information collected from the particular interview can be converted into a number of themes like the growth rate and the annual profit and the same can be evaluated accordingly. Growth rate of the building industry: Every single individual was concerned with the slow growth of the industry but there are high chances that that the number of building approvals will increase that would automatically give scope to the increase number of buildings in the Brisbane area. It is due to the increasing number of building approvals, the number of the buildings in the Brisbane region is increasing. One of the managers pointed out about the strong pipeline network that has facilitated the building of the houses and the apartments. According to the second manager, that as we move to the new city areas the market keeps on changing and this is the reason that affecting the market of the building industry. The third manager pointed out that there has been a change in the construction finance over the past 12 months and that the market has showed great improvement in the major residential and other parts. In this respect, the fourth manager clearly stated that there would be high rate dwelling in the coming years as it has already been started in 2017. The start has been great and the improvement will be carried on since then. The most important point has been pointed out by the fifth and the last manager that the cost of buying homes has been increasing and this is the reason that many people are opting for their individual houses rather than trusting on other housing, townhouses or the boutique unit developments. From all these, it can be clearly stated that all the managers are quite aware of the increasing value of the home and that the particular industry is at its momentum to reach high. The managers are ready to invest in the housing industry keeping the increasing market demand and the better situation. The annual growth rate of the housing industry Housing Markets: Factors and Determinants: Dierci and Westerhoff (2016), in their working paper, try to understand the dynamics in the housing markets in a generalized framework. According to their findings, the market is subjected to heavy dynamics, not only based on current price-demand situations, but, also, on the future expectations formed by the agents participating in this market about the prices and availabilities. There are several factors determining the demand structure in the housing market of any country. The authors try to analyze one specific factor, namely the speculative forces from the demand side and after conducting statistical analysis, they assert on the presence of booms and busts in the pricing cycles of this market, thereby creating temporary bubbles as well as downturns in housing industries all over the world. Their findings regarding the determinants of demand in the housing industry are augmented by the research of Abdullah et al. (2016), who, based on the study findings, determine and rank seven contributing factors in this industry, according to their level of importance, in the decision-makings of new clients for housings. With the most important factors being location and finance and the least ones being exterior conditions and family life-cycle, there are several other determinants like neighborhood, developers and others, according to the author. Australia, currently experiencing an upward trend in its housing industry has an overall favorable scenario, based on these factors influencing the demand side considerably. This is elaborated in the following section of the literature review. Housing Market in Australia: Burke (2016), in his article, studies the housing market structure of Australia extensively, focusing specifically on the policy framework and government rules and reforms under which the industry is currently operating. To study the market conditions of the country, it takes the common institutional framework of four sub-systems, namely, production, consumption, managing and exchange, for the housing market also, keeping in mind the limitation of this framework of excluding the humane factor completely. The study sheds light on the favorable policy frameworks, benefits and strategies undertaken by the government of the country to make the progress of the market easy. Various planning controls, building and residential tenancy regulations, along with pro-consumption taxation structures, including capital gains on rented houses, Affordability Schemes, exemptions and cuts on taxes on new purchases, contribute extensively in the boom in the housing markets of Australia in general. The A ustralian government also has provisions for several grants like those of Affordable Housing and First Owner Grants, which provides immense incentives to both the buyers and sellers to invest in this market. The authors try to attribute the contemporary impressive performance of the housing industry of Australia to these pro-growth housing policies designed and implemented by the Australian government. The findings of Burke are largely, supported by the works of Gurran, Gilbert and Phibbs (2016), according to whom, for proper and robust development plans and strategic investment structures are of immense importance for maintaining stability in the housing market of any country. The paper, after explaining the benefits of appropriate policy framework for housing market over all, concentrates on the Australian scenario. It supports the finding of Burke, suggesting that the development, which the country faced as a whole and especially in several locations, was primarily due to the industrial growth in the country along with the policy structures, favoring industrial progress as well as growth of the housing markets, both of which are interrelated. However, the paper also takes into account the recent activities in the concerned market, which has led to a price hike in several economically progressive zones, Sydney being one of the topmost of them. However, the findings of the paper s hows that though Brisbane falls in the economically prospective zone category, the price dynamics in this zone are different from those of other parts of the country. However, Gurran (2016), in his article, limits his works to an overall statement on Brisbane only and does not show any detailed analysis of its housing market structure. Housing Market in Brisbane: Iotti et al (2016), categorically focuses on the housing market situations of Sydney, Melbourne and Brisbane, giving special on the last one. The paper tries to analyze the changes that occurred in the housing market of Brisbane has undergone in the last decade, due to economic and demographic factors and their inter-dynamics. Posing as one of the pioneers in analysis of the housing market dynamics of Brisbane, the article shows evidence of significant displacement in the housing market of the place with the on-going gentrification. Brisbane, with one of the most strategic geographical location (Being in the center of the Queensland megapolis nexus), is the third largest of the cities of Australia. The city, over the years has enjoyed both industrial as well as population growth at impressive rates. With immense economic growth and future prospects, as argued by the authors, the city has been promoted to the club of New World City of the country. However, with the economic progress of the area, the housing affordability of the area has been consistently decreasing. The observations put forward by the authors get substantial support from the working paper of Hulse et al (2016), in collaboration with Australian Housing and Urban Research Institute. The authors argue that with more and more economic growth of the country as a whole and several regions specifically, the cost of dwelling in those regions have gone up considerably, thereby creating a problem of affordability of housing in cities like Sydney, Melbourne and Brisbane specifically. According to the data provided in the paper, the population growth of these three cities has been substantially high in the last decade, with that in Brisbane being the highest (20.5% in city area and 21.5% in the suburbs). The main reason for this substantially high population rate in Brisbane is expected to be the economic boom and future income and employment prospects in the city, which, as argued by Liu et al (2016), has attracted workers from across the globe to migrate to this region. The author shows a detailed pattern of change in the growth rates of different types of housings, starting form multigenerational occupied ones to rented ones, thereby drawing a positive relation between the population growth and the growth in the number of housings in the country. Kulish, Richards and Gillitzer (2016), supports the claims of Liu (2016), providing empirical data evidences, which clearly shows the striking growth rate in the number of dwellings from 1990s to the current period. Brisbane, in the findings of their paper, is seen to be maintaining a consistent growth rate in number of houses. However, the authors take into account an interesting observation in this aspect. Brisbane, though seen to start with a much high number of dwellings than other Australian cities like Melbourne, Sydney and Perth, over time the growth rate of housing numbers in Brisbane, though seen to be stable, falls below that of the other three. This implies that though Brisbane has shown considerable development in the housing market,it lagged behind other Australian cities, especially those known to be economic or business zones. Iotti et al (2016) associates this fall in the growth rate of dwellings in Brisbane with the increase in the overall housing prices thereby implying a fall in the housing affordability in this city, especially for lower and middle-income class. Housing Affordibitlty in Brisbane: Mostafa, Chileshe and Zuo (2016) in their article, supports the theory of lack of housing affordability as the primary reason of fall in the growth rate of the housing market in Brisbane, as put forward by Iotti (2016). According to their article, the problem of housing affordability is not only confined to Brisbane, it is much more severe and in the contemporary Australina housing market, it is the most crucial issue that both the buyers and the sellers are facing. The authors link the presence of the housing affordability problem with a cumulative dynamics of demand and supply factors. The rent on houses in most of the capital cities in the country was observed to grow at an average rate of 1.5% to 2% with the time span of last quarter of 2016 and second quarter of 2016. The average housing prices has also increased by 69% from 2003 till the current period, whereas, the maen nominal rent has been observed to increase massively, by almost 75.8% since 2003. However, during the same t ime span, the average earnings of people in Australia was seen to grow by only 57%, which is much less than the growth rate of the dwelling prices in the country. The main reason behind this significant increase in the housing price, as put forward by Lee and Reed (2016), is mainly the economic boom that the country is experiencing in the recent times, much of which is consolidated in the few highly prosperous economic zones like Sydney, Melbourne and Brisbane. Due to the economic growth and the expectations of more prosperity in future, these regions have attracted large number of people, both from other parts of the country as well as from other countries. With the help of robust data evidences and statistical implications, Khoo et al (2016), shows that immigration in Australia, has enormously increased from 2001-02 to 2016-11, with a massive upward fluctuation within the time span of two years (2008-2016). The permanent migrants to this country primarily consist of workers, overseas students and migrants on humanitarian grounds, the workers forming the biggest share. However, during this period, people were seen to migrate more to Sydney an d Melbourne than to other cities, as these two areas became the center of attraction for investors and entrepreneurs as well as for job seekers. Brisbane, being a comparatively new entrant in the economic prosperity zone, was still to experience economic growth to the extent as experienced by these two. As a result, it experienced lesser population growth due to immigration. The numbers, however, were not at all unimpressive and showed a potential to increase with time. Searle, Darchen and Huston (2016), in their working paper, argued in favor of the future prosperity of the housing market in Brisbane. The authors strongly asserted that the market, in spite of its current downturn, is expected to turn around and embark on the path of sustainable growth in near future, provided appropriate policies and smart business strategies are implemented by the concerned authorities. They supported their assertion with an elaborate study of one of Brisbanes Transit Oriented Zones of Development, the Yeerongpilly region, showing that in comparison to two other Transit Oriented Develpoment Zones, Footscray (Melbourne) and Wolly Creek (Sydney), the housing market of this region shows more potential of expansion in coming years. Tomlinson (2016), also agrees with Searle (2016), regarding the future prospects of the housing market of Brisbane. He emphasizes more on the pricing strategies and risk management construct of the regions housing finance system. According to Tomlinson, Brisbanes housing industry is expected to flourish with the changes that have been and are expected to be implemented in the financing sector of the industry. Various reforms have already been undertaken by the local government, regarding price-controlling mechanisms ad easy provisions of residential loans to those who want to invest in new as well as rented dwellings. The supply side is also expected to be benefitted by the security and risk mitigating reforms that has been implemented in the Brisbanes housing market, thereby facilitating easy movements on both sides, which together are expected to bring the market to an equilibrium position. Mason and Grimbeek (2016), elaborately talks about the appreciable housing strategies that h as been undertaken by the government of Brisbane, including the Housing First strategy, which targets to provide affordable housings to eradicate homelessness in the city. The policy specifically benefits the poor and the aged population of the city, who are the worst sufferers of the citys residential displacement. Apart from that, strategies are also undertaken, as suggested by the article, to benefit tenancy procedures and bring in cost-effectiveness in the housing market. Conclusion: With an expected rise in the prospects of the housing markets in Brisbane, venturing in the market in future seems profitable for the building companies as the market seems promising in terms of growth and returns from residential investments. Perolini (2016), provides a feasible and promising solution for the future builders who are eager to venture in this market. He recommends a shift in the nature of housings from big and high priced ones to small, compact and costeffective ones. This on one had will benefit the consumers, as housing will become more affordable for them and on the other hand will increase the profitability of the sellers, by giving them scopes to build more cost-effective housings in the city. Those of Liu et al (2016), who also suggests compact living to make housing affordable in Brisbane, complement his ideas. They also recommend a bigger emphasis on residential as well as commercial constructions in the suburbs of the city. The suburbs being the recent zones of interest for remote housing, construction ventures in these regions seems promising as they will help in attracting more residents towards these areas. After the completion of the research project, it is expected that the study will help in enlightening about the prospects of investing in the Brisbane housing industry. It will help in giving a clear idea in the form of statistical data as well as personal responses of the managers, about the recent growth trend in the housing market, the causes behind the downturn in the industry and steps to overcome the same. The research will also give an insight into the dwelling preferences of the people living in Brisbane. The housing industry of Brisbane is expected to experience a growth in profitability considering the improvement in the economic condition of the people living in Brisbane and the high prices of the housing properties. However, the research project will help in giving a better insight into the condition of the housing industry. Housing market inherently is subjected to more price swings and volatility than most other markets. Therefore, before venturing in any housing market, the price structures and future price expectations of the products needed to be thoroughly studied and analyzed by the interested building enterprise (Garriga, Manuelli and Peralta-Alva 2016). Rowley et al (2016), also suggests proper designing of the pricing strategies of the companies, with incorporation of price dynamism and flexi-price and installment schemes, which can prove to be beneficial to make the companys product more desirable to the clients, thereby increasing the clientele for the company. References: Abdullah, L., Nor, S.I.B.M., Jumadi, S.N. and Arshad, S.H., 2016. First-time home buyers: Factors influencing decision making. InInternational Conference on Innovation and Technology for Sustainable Built Environment(pp. 249-254). Burke, T., 2016. The Australian residential housing market: institutions and actors.Australias unintended cities, pp.35-49. Dieci, R. and Westerhoff, F., 2016. A simple model of a speculative housing market.Journal of Evolutionary Economics,22(2), pp.303-329. Garriga, C., Manuelli, R.E. and Peralta-Alva, A., 2016. A model of price swings in the housing market. Gurran, N., Gilbert, C. and Phibbs, P., 2016, February. Planning and the housing market: measuring regulatory difference and implications for explaining supply and affordability trends. In7th Australasian Housing Researchers Conference. Hsieh, W., Norman, D. and Orsmond, D., 2016. Supplyside Issues in the Housing Sector.RBA Bulletin, September, pp.11-19. Hulse, K., Pawson, H., Reynolds, M. and Herath, S.K., 2016. Disadvantaged places in urban Australia: analysing socio-economic diversity and housing market performance. Iotti, A., Steele, W., Sipe, N. and Dodson, J., 2016, December. Housing Displacement in Australian Cities: A Brisbane Case-Study. InProceedings of the State of Australian Cities Conference(pp. 9-11). Kamaruddeen, A.M., Yusof, N. and Said, I., 2016. Dimensions of firm innovativeness in housing industry.Emerging issues in the natural and applied sciences,2(1), pp.118-133. Khoo, S.E., McDonald, P., Temple, J. and Edgar, B., 2016. Scoping Study of Migration and Housing Needs.Report for National Housing Supply Council Unit, Department of the Treasury,31. Kulish, M., Richards, A. and Gillitzer, C., 2016. Urban structure and housing prices: Some evidence from Australian cities.Economic Record,88(282), pp.303-322. Lee, C.L. and Reed, R., 2016. Volatility decomposition of Australian housing prices.Journal of Housing Research,23(1), pp.21-43. Liu, E., Easthope, H., Burnley, I. and Judd, B., 2016, February. Multigenerational households in Australian cities: Evidence from Sydney and Brisbane at the turn of the twenty-first century. In7th Australasian Housing Researchers Conference(pp. 6-8). Mason, C. and Grimbeek, P., 2016. A Housing First approach to homelessness in Brisbane: sustaining tenancies and the cost effectiveness of support services.Brisbane (AU): Micah Projects Inc. Minnery, J. and Greenhalgh, E., 2016. IDEAS, INTERESTS AND INSTITUTIONS IN AFFORDABLE HOUSING: A CASE STUDY OF THE BRISBANE HOUSING COMPANY. Morris, A., 2016. Public housing in Australia: A case of advanced urban marginality?.The Economic and Labour Relations Review,24(1), pp.80-96. Mostafa, S., Chileshe, N. and Zuo, J., 2016.Enhancing Australian Housing Affordabillity: Off-site Manufacturing Supply Chain Strategies(Doctoral dissertation, Akademika forlag). Perolini, P., 2016. Smaller Living: The need to offer better housing options in Australian cities. Rowley, S., Costello, G., Higgins, D. and Phibbs, P., 2016. The financing of residential development in Australia.Australian Housing and Urban Research Institute Final Report Series,219, pp.1-75. Rusch, R. and Best, R., 2016. Sustainability: Its adaptation and relevance in remote area housing.Construction Economics and Building,14(1), pp.88-104. Searle, G., Darchen, S. and Huston, S., 2016. Delivering successful TOD projects in the context of inner-city suburbs: case studies from Brisbane, Melbourne and Sydney. InPIA 2016: Planning Institute of Australia National Congress 2016. Slaughter, R.A., 2016. How DevelopmentPromotes Redundant Visions: The Case of the Queen's Wharf Casino Project, Brisbane.Journal of Futures Studies,21(1), pp.77-84. Steinhardt, D.A., Manley, K. and Miller, W., 2016. Profiling the nature and context of the Australian prefabricated housing industry. Tomlinson, B.M.R., 2016. Managing riskin the delivery of housing finance: Australias mortgage lenders.HOUSING FINANCE, p.41. Waters, M., 2016. The Gold Coast business sector: meeting the environmental challenge.The Gold Coast Transformed: From Wilderness to Urban Ecosystem, p.145. Willing, R. and Pojani, D., 2017. Is the suburban dream still alive in Australia? Evidence from Brisbane.Australian Planner, pp.1-13

What Exactly Does It Mean To Be A Behaviorist

In this book, the concept of a person being a behaviorist is critically observed. The influences of the behaviorist’s environment on the observations made by the same person are also under scrutiny.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on What Exactly Does It Mean To Be A Behaviorist? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This is because the behaviorist is also a part of the society and cultural structure. In addition, the ideal perception of a behaviorist while making important observations is discussed. All conclusions made by a behaviorist are based on the characteristics that are physically observed alone, and do not include influences of beliefs and culture (Hallman 108). A behaviorist has to observe the actions of an individual or a group of individuals in a relationship among themselves or other people. Behaviorism is closely related to study of organisms’ response to each other’s action. This mean s that the behaviorist has to observe the behavior of two organisms while he or she is a subject to influences of experience in the society. This experience significantly influences the manner in which behavior of the individual under observation is understood (Hallman109). The behaviorist has to make observations free of the influence of culture. Since the behaviorist is obviously under influence of culture that has nurtured him or her, objectivity is required to accomplish the task of observation. Behavior of an organism has to be observed within a specific cultural context.Advertising Looking for essay on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The study of human behavior involves objective observation without invoking the theory of the supernatural or the unknown. A human being is an organism in a behaviorist’s perception. This way, the behaviorist is able to observe free of cross-cultural influence (Hallman 108 ). To a behaviorist, a human being is an organism that reacts to the changes in its environment, and is not guided by any other external influence other than biological factors (Hallman 110). Why Does Mead Claim That A Multiple Personality Is In A Certain Sense Normal? Mead’s theory of self explores the concept of personality. He explains that people do not have a single personality. To mead, multiple personality is a common phenomenon among members of the society. Multiple personality means that a person will assume the personality he or she thinks is the best for a particular situation at any moment. A person’s behavior is modified by the impression he or she wants to make on other people with whom he or she interacts. Depending on the impression an individual wants to make on another, one will assume different versions of self. Self means the personality of the individual whose behaviour is under scrutiny of the party on whom the impression is being made. Since ever y individual wants to make different impressions on different people, every person will subconsciously assume a different personality while he or she is under observation from the party of interest.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on What Exactly Does It Mean To Be A Behaviorist? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This assumption of different selves is not an action aimed at deceiving the other party, but is a subconscious action where one seeks to modify other people’s perception of their character. The personality that is assumed by a person depends on the role of the particular individual in the relationship that he or she wants to make an impression on (Hallman 113). Individuals in a society often observe multiple personality where the behaviour of another person towards them seems different from the behaviour of the same person towards a different party to whom there is a different relationship. The perso n under observation does not intend to be observed by the two parties at the same time, but certain preferable people are the target of the present behaviour (Hallman 115). This multiple personality is normal since individuals will always seek to modify the reaction of the environment to their behavior. People with whom they have different relationships will observe a single individual as having different personalities. Works Cited Hallman, Max O.. Traversing philosophical boundaries. 4th ed. Australia: Wadsworth Pub Co, 2011. Print. This essay on What Exactly Does It Mean To Be A Behaviorist? was written and submitted by user Iman1 to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Renaissance Artists Intellectual Life essays

Renaissance Artists Intellectual Life essays Before attempting to answer the question it is important to consider what we mean by early Italian Renaissance. Unlike many periods in history the Renaissance has no obvious start and end dates, for the purposes of this assignment I will define the approximate period within which to look as about 1390 to about 1520. 1390 represents the time when the Carrara court in Padua was gaining an intellectual reputation of excellence, as well as this being about the time that two Roman coin like medals were cast of Francesco II and his father. This represents a typically renaissance trait of looking to antiquities for inspiration, as will be discussed later. The time around 1520 represents when Raphael died this was followed closely by the death of Pope Leo X, the second High Renaissance pope. It is after their deaths that the creative and optimistic mood in Italy began to fade. The decade ending 1520 saw Leonardo da Vinci leaving for France and then dieing there in 1519. There are many other examples that could confirm these dates as significant, and also many more that would dispute them, but for the purposes of simplicity we will take these as a guide. In the beginnings of the Renaissance painting was seen very much as a craft performed by members of the artisan class and not a liberal art. In fact the term artist was not used, as it is today, as a general term meaning painter and sculptor. Artista was a term already in use by Dante, but it was used in reference to a University level graduate of the liberal arts, it is not until the beginning of the sixteenth century that it is used in a context resembling today's usage. The lower status of painting at the beginning of the Renaissance is reflected in the fact that members of the aristocracy or learned class did not generally practice it. A member of the Milanese aristocracy, Giovanni Antonio Boltraffios epitaph stressed that although he was ...

Arguments And Supporting Evidence For Argumentative Research

Matt Fowler RES 297 11/12/13 Evidence Based Medicine Research Assignment 1) In Vitro Evaluation of Heat and Moisture Exchangers Designed for Spontaneously Breathing Tracheostomized Patients Claudia Brusasco, MD⇑ Dipartimento di Scienze Chirurgiche e Diagnostiche Integrate, Sezione Anestesia e Rianimazione Francesco Corradi, MD PhD Dipartimento Cardio-Nefro-Polmonare, Sezione Terapia Intensiva Cardiochirurgica, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria di Parma, Italy. Maria Vargas, MD†¦ this are seen it is only normal for someone to ask questions. People are becoming curious about the legitimacy of the disorder, and whether or not the treatments being given to individuals are appropriate. The argument seems to be strong on both sides of the fence, but the extensive research done on ADHD leaves it hard for one to believe that it is a made up disorder. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder or ADHD is a neurobehavioral development disorder diagnosed by a number of symptoms†¦ Evidence supporting the requirement of this program In Australia, dietary problem is a major risk factor of death and chronic disease such as heart disease and diabetes. Therefore, the critical goal is to develop a method for reducing death and suffering from heart disease and stroke. There are certain strength evidence suggested the requirement of food labeling program is acute now. Food labeling has been suggested it was a method to provide the consumers confidence and feel safety†¦ Argument Essay What if I told you that the reason teens not being able to go to bed before 11 isn’t mainly their fault. Sure if they 're watching YouTube eating, and drinking energy drinks all night long than we could say that this is primarily the reason they complain about being tired for school. But what about the kids that find themselves tossing and turning all night long until they realize they 're alarm just went off. Various students find themselves waking up anywhere from 6am, to 7am right†¦ jury’s disbelief of evidence can itself be evidence. â€Å"Where an unresolved factual dispute exists† – which is the norm in criminal trials – â€Å"demeanor evidence is a significant factor in adjudging credibility. And questions of credibility, of course, are basic to resolution of conflicts in testimony.†13 As Judge Learned Hand observed, â€Å"the carriage, behavior, bearing, manner and appearance of a witness – in short, his ‘demeanor’ – is a part of the evidence.†14 Demeanor â€Å"evidence may satisfy the tribunal†¦ for the proof of many questions,and they would then sit together,think and debate over the questions. He was known not to rest before he would get his answers. Many philosophers have been debating it as far back as regarding rationale and brain research. The brain and body are similar on the grounds that if the psyche were not influenced by the physical world, then it would not need to take after the principles of the physical world. On the off chance that the brain were really a different thing†¦ Supporting Research from the Relevant Scientific Paper: There has been an increased study about neighborhoods to see if the environment does affect children and youth. Leventhal & Brooks-Gun (2003) stated that â€Å"neighborhoods’ impact remains debatable.† That is only because of other influence such as family. However, Leventhal & Brooks-Gun (2003) also state that based on evidence from randomized experiments, where the influences from family is controlled, that neighborhoods do in fact matter. Some†¦ Cuba to transition away from communism. There has been many complications and changes over the years, and it has led to today with current United States President Obama wanting to lift the embargo. In this paper I will discuss the pro and con arguments supporting the embargo, and give my opinion on whether it is better to keep or lift the embargo. History of the Embargo In April of 1959, Fidel Castro forced Fulgencio Batista to flee, and became the prime minister of Cuba. In the same year, United States†¦ Construct and Support an Argument Kristy Valerius MGT/521 December 06th, 2010 Instructor: Jerry Davis Construct and Support an Argument Today I will be constructing a supporting an argument regarding my decision to pursue an Master’s in Business Administration (MBA) degree to achieve a personal business goal. Next, I will discuss the description to construct and Support an Argument. Finally, I will discuss the considerations of the Jungian Personality self-assessment on how others†¦ to develop evidence-based practices that improve the care and outcomes of their patients (LoBiondo-Wood & Haber, 2014). The identification of a better way to practice patient care in my workplace has been discovered and descriptions of the steps required to implement this change are reflected upon. My organization encourages changes that promote the safety and quality of care of our clients as long as it is supported by the evidence. Nursing research, research utilization, and evidence-based practices†¦

Organization Performance - Google Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Organization Performance - Google - Case Study Example Strategic processes and systems within the organization involve all management functions and corporate decisions. The company would have to initiate its strategic functional processes and systems in keeping with its own strategic competitive environment as determined by SWOT analysis. For instance, internal organizational arrangements for communication, quality management, internal value chain management, employee relations, HRM function, budgetary control, cash flow management, motivation and so on will have to be aligned with organizational goals. A gourmet chocolate manufacturer would have to take into consideration the competitive environment and available strategic choices. Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) policies and initiatives have become an inevitable component of the modern business organization's corporate objectives to such an extent that they are incorporated into the organizational goals. Google's as surveyed by this writer has adopted the same CSR initiatives adopted by the internet search engines on a global level. ... Each and every employer in the Google treated as equally important and management believes that Google's success depends on the interaction of employees with sharing their valuable ideas and opinions. Therefore motivating the employees has taken to considered by Google when they are managing the human resource. Despite the complexity and the competition in the business environment most of the organizations pay their considerable attention to increased employee motivation, performance and productivity. Management believes that when the employees' motivation levels increase, they trying to do their best in the workplace and committed to the management with alive, corporate and energetic. Thus when motivation levels are low, simply employers are unhappy and underperforming in their work with absenteeism and lower productivity. Google has revolutionized its services and redefined its employees in the workplace, especially Googlers are working closely with the management teams to attract, hire, develop and reward employees. In fact, the HR team of the Google is using every level of employee's talents and performance towards the success of the organization. Thus Google is providing an "individually-tailored" compensation package consisting of competitive salary and bonus with further rewards based on their performance. Googlers focusing on a drive in small teams with high energy environment. According to the Fortune magazine, Google was rewarded as one of "the 100 best companies to work for" in 2009. In fact, it could earn this recognition basically due to innovation benefits, flexibility, employee satisfaction and also the opportunity to pursue ideas in the working environment. However Google has adopted some motivation principles in the work environment such as â€Å"Appreciation is the best motivation†, so management has created a fun and inspiring workplace with host of facilities such as - on-site doctor and dentist; massage and yoga; professional development opportunities; shoreline running trails; and plenty of snacks to get throughout the day.  Ã‚  

Managment Accounting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Managment Accounting - Essay Example ABW in order to determine the relevant cost drivers and in this case there are many more than that used in absorption costing, thus making ABC more reliable. Table 1 provides calculations for the profit for each product line. Table 1 indicates that there are huge differences in the profit of products XY, YZT and ABW. The use of absorption costing resulted in a reduction in profits by  £46,250 and  £18,000 for products XYI and YZT respectively and an increase of  £64,000 from a loss position to a profit position for product ABW. This scenario shows how appropriate ABC is for making more accurate decisions when compared to absorption costing. ABC allocates cost on the basis of the activities required to manufacture a product and this results in the use of multiple cost drivers – assembly, machining, set-up, order processing and purchasing in this case. Absorption costing only used two cost drivers – assembly and machining thus the large differences in profits. The figures in Table 2 indicate that the differences in cost per unit were lower for XYI and YZT – £ 0.925 and  £0.45 respectively. However, the difference in cost per unit between the two approaches for ABW was higher ( £2.133) and this explains the loss versus profit scenario. Over-costing of each unit of products XYI and YZT under the absorption costing method by  £0.925 and  £0.450 respectively has led to under-costing of product ABW by  £2.133 another product. In this case the assignment of costs by ABC to each product using more relevant activity based cost drivers has resulted in a more accurate costing of the products. It is often said that modern developments such as ABC are sometimes implemented because they are fashionable and not because they provide additional information to management. However, while this statement may be true in a few instances it is not so in the majority of cases. Costing systems do not command high ratings in most organisations, but the information that they provide

Why Do People Record Their Private Lives and Make It Public Essay Example for Free

Why Do People Record Their Private Lives and Make It Public Essay Anything and everything that a person posts on the internet and in the media becomes public for anyone to see. Many people in our world today enjoy putting their private lives in public. What’s the point of having a â€Å"private† life if you want to make it public to the rest of the world? There are many social media and networking websites that encourage putting everything about one’s life in public. This can range from video recording our private lives and putting it on YouTube, to writing our biographies on Facebook, to blogging about our daily lives on blogging websites such as Tumblr, Xanga, or Blogspot. This subject can even extend to celebrities and why they put their private lives on television through reality TV shows such as Keeping Up with the Kardashians, The Real Housewives of Orange County, Laguna Beach, or The Real World. With the way that people are presenting their private lives in the media, it is obvious that people are doing this to show off their skills and talents, entertain people, make them more known and popular/become famous, or they want to influence others to do the same and follow their footsteps. As social beings we strive for recognition as well as acceptance from the society that surrounds us. Before the concept of social media via the internet, we aspired to be recognized or to be known by simple word of mouth. However, as the world around us changed, our methods of self expression became easier to spread which led to a wider audience for acknowledgement world-wide due to the accessibility of the computer. With the invention of the computer and the technological advancements of the internet, we see that anyone, anywhere can see what someone is doing, eating, or where we are the moment with which people. Youtube There are over 490 million users on the YouTube website today and there are thousands that still join daily according to the YouTube website. The point of YouTube is so that people can post videos of whatever they want online. Many users on YouTube like posting vlogs, which are video blogs about their days. People also post videos of themselves doing their special talents such as singing, dancing, telling jokes, giving advice, etc. I think many people join YouTube and do this to help them become more known and popular to eventually become famous. In an interview, YouTube user Tramy Nguyen, said â€Å"I joined YouTube and post videos up of significant events that I want to be able to look back on. I like to share my memorable events with people who were not able to attend to experience it with me. † Some people like Tramy post videos for the purpose of sharing memories, however, many other people also record and post videos to get attention. Justin Bieber is someone who got famous by posting videos of him singing at home and was founded through YouTube by the singer, song writer, and producer, Usher Raymond. There are also many people who are considered as â€Å"YouTube famous†. These people get money off of creating and posting videos on YouTube of them singing covers of songs, telling jokes, or even giving advice. The website Worldstarhiphop. com has videos posted of others fighting to get attention. Although the objective of this website was â€Å"a home for entertainment and hip-hop† it is now known as a website for others to watch fights and people getting beat up for entertainment. Above is a picture of the statistics of YouTube. Blogging Websites There are many people in the world that have online blogs from websites such as Xanga, Tumblr, and Blogspot. When it comes to online blogs, I think that people like to write about their days and treat their blogs like diaries. It is ironic that people like to keep online diaries about what goes on in their lives and what they are thinking because people like to keep journals and diaries private. It is understandable that with technology growing and expanding all around us, it is more convenient to type out our thoughts about our days and what goes on in our lives on a computer instead of writing it in a book. However, it does not make sense to be writing it online for everyone to see if you want it to be a like a private online diary. A user of Tumblr, Steven Casner, said â€Å"Blogging was like a way for me to escape reality and allow myself to fall into my own world. When I first created my online blog I wouldnt think anyone would read it. † Though people think that no one would read or find what they write on the internet, it is very easy to search these blogs up with the technology that we have today. Reality Television Reality Television is another way that people put their private lives in public. The show MTV Cribs has celebrities give tours of their homes and gives the celebrities a chance to show off their belongings and how wealthy they are. The hit show on the television network, E! , called Keeping up with the Kardashians is a show about the Kardashian family who are famous because one of the Kardashian sisters is a model. The show is basically just a camera that follows the family members around while they live their daily lives. If there was a camera following a person around all day and every day, how would that person get any privacy in their lives? The reason that this family lets cameras follow them around all day and show people how their lives are is just another way for them to boost their family’s name and get money. There are also shows like the Bachelor where people go on to find love. Can a person really find love with another person while knowing that there are other people watching their every move and know everything that goes on in their relationship? There are also shows like Maury and Jerry Springer where people go on the show to solve the drama that they may have in their lives. If you and a loved one have drama in your lives, you should probably go see a therapist about your problems instead of making it open to the public. Many times, making your problems public will make your problems worse than they already are. Facebook Facebook has become a huge phenomenon since it first started. Facebook is a social networking website where people can add their friends and family members and communicate and connect with them online by writing to them, sharing photos or videos with them, or just updating everyone they are friends with about what is going on in their lives. On Facebook, one can see a person’s biography, where a person is from, where they work or go to school, their birthdays, their emails, their phone numbers, their likes and dislikes, their backgrounds such as race, ethnicity, religion, etc. Once a person puts all of this information about themselves online, it will automatically be available to anyone on the internet, especially with the special technology that we have in our world today. I think that people in our world who have Facebooks have them because it is an easier way to contact and update their friends and family about what is going on in their lives. On Facebook, you can post status updates about how you are feeling, what you are thinking, etc for other to see. After interviewing Facebook user, Lea Abadies, she said, â€Å"I joined Facebook because I wanted a medium where I could keep in touch with my friends and see what they are up to and what is going on in their lives. I also want them to be kept up with what is going on in my life. I’m not going to lie, I also joined Facebook because it seemed like everyone has a Facebook so I gave in to the peer pressure of making an account. After interviewing Lea, I came to the conclusion that many people act upon the fact that â€Å"everyone else† is doing that act also and just give into the pressures of society. Live Streaming Websites Another way that people have a chance of putting their private lives in the public is through live streaming websites where you can stream yourself and let people watch you do whatever it is you want to do online. Websites like Tinychat. com and Blogtv. com allow users to stream themselves from their webcam and allow strangers from all around the world to watch their channel live. Many times, people use these websites so that they can just talk to random strangers because they might be bored or trying to kill some of their free time. By streaming their lives online, it may be very risky because any of the strangers who are watching you could be stalkers, pedophiles, or any other kinds of creeps in the world. By studying even just the environment that one is in while they are streaming, the so-called â€Å"creeps† could find out where you are from, what you like, or whatever else they want to know about that person which can really put the person streaming their personal lives online in danger. This also relates to people who post videos of their lives on YouTube because random people can access your video and study your environment and try hunting down the person who posted the video. This picture is a screenshot of the website Blogtv. com. You can see how many people are currently watching you, how many people are currently streaming, and how many people are currently online on the website. Twitter is another social networking website that many people like to share what they are currently up to or what they are thinking.  With twitter, you are able to have followers and follow others to see what they are currently doing. Many people update their twitters every hour just to let people know what is going on in their lives. Celebrities also use Twitter as another way to connect with their fans. I think people use twitter to update their friends about what is going on with their lives so that their friends would not have to go out of their way in asking and take the time to stay updated in a person’s life because they may have a lot of friends or followers. People do not think about the factors in putting such private information about their lives on the internet and how it may affect them in the future. The fact that everything on the internet is so public, it is very easy to search up anything with the high tech search engines that we have online such as Google, Bing, or Yahoo. Many times when people apply for jobs or internships, they do not realize that many job places like to do background checks online to see if they can find anything about the applicant that may enhance or lower their chances of getting that certain job. This also happens with schools or anything else in the professional field that people may want to do a special background check for. With technology growing, many people are using it to make their lives become more open to the public. Many people like to do this for the attention and also to share their hobbies or talents to others in the world. There are many different ways that people use to make their lives public whether it be through online blogging, online live streaming, social networking websites, and even reality television. Our world is turning into more of a liberal world instead of a conservative one when it comes to privacy.

The Future of the Internet Essay -- Internet Technology Computers Cybe

The Future of the Internet In Today's world of computers, the internet has become part of ones regular vocabulary. The internet is everywhere, in the news, the newspaper, magazines, and entire books are written on it regularly. Its growth rate is incredible, increasing by about 10% every month (Dunkin 180). This rapid growth rate could either help the system or destroy it. The possibilities are endless on what can be done on the internet. People can tap into libraries, tap into weather satellites, download computer programs, talk to other people with related interests, and send electronic mail all across the world (Elmer-Dewitt 62). It is used by thousands of different kinds of people and organizations, like the military, businesses, colleges and universities, and common people with no specific purpose to even use it (Dunkin 180). Phillip Elmer-Dewitt stated it perfectly, â€Å"It is a place for everyone.† The rapid growth of the internet has many positive aspects to it. The new technology that is developing with this rapid growth will help keep computers up to date with what is being developed on the internet. With these technological advances, systems will be faster, more powerful, and capable of doing more complicated tasks. As more people with different interests, thoughts, and ideas get involved with the internet, there will be more information available (Elmer-Dewitt 64). As the number of internet users increases, the prices will gradua...

Demonstration of Critical Thinking Essay

The textbook in chapter one page 4 defines critical thinking as: a collection of skills we use every day that are necessary for our full intellectual and personal development it basically means to be able to have good judgment , make good decisions, and how to think rather than what to think. Another set of terms that are found in the textbook is Affirmative Action which is a political, and social controversy about race and equality when hiring potential employees or admitting students into a college university usually this involves minorities who may or may not have the necessary credentials or are unable to meet certain criteria for acceptance it is based merely on a person’s race, or even sexual gender or both. Sometimes affirmative action can seem unfair to Caucasians who may qualify can feel a sense of discrimination themselves it can create a hostile environment if not dealt with properly Nancy Cantor a woman who is the Chancellor at The University of Syracuse is in favo r of affirmative action and hopes that the process will improve in the future and create more harmony and understanding and that all people will be treated with respect and dignity. Ward Connerly an African-American male and college professor is not in favor of affirmative action because he thinks that it is unfair to white Americans to not to get the opportunities that they have worked hard for in their careers and in educational pursuits I find it difficult to choose one side or the other however for the sake of this assignment I reluctantly agree with Ward Connerly personal drive, responsibility, and character should be the motivation for admission and acceptance not skin color, sexual gender, or nationality. Both sides use excellent critical thinking skills on this subject however both of these individuals are minorities themselves and may have had some negative experiences in their past in career and education which may be the consideration for their points of view they are valid and can be used in the process of critical thinking. Affirmative Action in itself is an opportunity for critical thinking skills in that you have to have an open mind and not be a relativist thinker it involves taking positive steps to correct certain injustices against certain  groups as well as maintaining the standards set by employers and educational institutions. In June 2003, the U.S. Supreme Court found that the admissions policy of the University of Michigan Law School, which awarded points to applicants based on race, was flawed. However, in its final ruling the court permitted race to be considered as one among many factors when considering individual applications for both the law school and undergraduate admissions. The majority of Americans (53%) oppose college affirmative action programs that give the preference in admissions to blacks and other minorities, arguing that it constitutes reverse discrimination and, as such is unjust. Proponents of affirmative action note that it is a positive step in the right direction be needs work.

Ethical Dilemmas Facing Non-Profit Hospital Ceo Compensation

Ethical Dilemmas Facing Non-Profit Hospital CEO Compensation Ethical Dilemmas Facing Non-Profit Hospital CEO Compensation Executive Summary This essay deals with the unethical prevalence of excessive compensation packages granted to nonprofit hospital executives. Nonprofits are highly complex organizations and are vital to the community’s in which they serves. Therefore, it is essential for these organizations to appoint highly motivated individuals knowledgeable of the healthcare industry and capable of managing and leading a hospital during a national recession while health reform is changing the culture of the US healthcare system.However, many nonprofit organization’s tax-exempt statuses should be rescinded for allocating leftover resources to hospital executives in the form of exorbitant salaries, benefits, and other incentives. It is these hefty salaries and benefits that are restricting hospitals from carrying out their priority mission as public charities. These CEO’s exorbitant compensation packages are further straining the hospital’s ability to provide a social benefit, suggestion that these tax-exempt organizations are acting unethically, in that financial gain is taking precedents over social responsibilities.Ethical Dilemmas Facing Non-Profit Hospital CEO Compensation Communities across the nation have seen the coarse effects of the delicate financial status of our country and the effects it has on healthcare organization within their community. In a time difficult for nonprofit healthcare organizations to operate at a profit, many organizations are left with no choice but to cut essential departments, programs, and employees, leaving many patients that have relied on these organizations, out in the cold.Recently, because of these financial issues, the ethical principles of nonprofits regarding CEO compensation have been under heavy scrutiny by both the public, and the Internal Revenue Service for excessive salaries and benefits. Nonprofit hospitals are organization that are exempt from paying income, sales, and property taxes, and receive charitable donations and massive government subsidies with the understanding that these subsidies are issued in order for these hospitals to fulfill their duty as a community service and benefit.Excessively high compensation for hospital executives is an unethical epidemic facing many organizations, particularly large and urban hospitals, that is restricting hospitals from carrying out its duties because of additional financial constraint. Salaries for nonprofit hospital executives should be capped as they limit and often restrict hospitals to better fulfill their charitable, social missions. Healthcare is beginning to mirror corporate businesses with many hospital CEO salaries competitively rivaling those of corporate executives.However, organizational goals and missions are nearly completely diametrical. Healthcare organizations are unlike other corporations i n that corporations are in existence with the ultimate goal of financial gain. Nonprofit hospitals carry missions such as to provide high-quality, cost-effective healthcare services to all patients regardless of ability to pay,  to offer training, to conduct clinical research, to serve the community as a public health advocate, and to provide support and services which respond to the area's health care needs through health education, health promotion, and access to care.Hospitals have the ethical responsibility to pursue a social mission, including providing uncompensated care and community outreach, but when their executives boast salaries with staggering seven figure salaries, the charitable work of the organization becomes obnubilated by an unmistakable pursuit of financial gain. The IRS reported that the average hospital CEO received $490,000 in total compensation in 2006, and top executives at twenty of the larger hospitals in the nation raked in an average of $1. 4 million a year, whereas uncompensated and free care expenditures as a percentage of hospital revenues averaged about 7 percent (Terry, K. 009). There is a large margin in executive compensation that is dependent on features such as geographical location and size. According to the â€Å"Charity Navigator,† in 2008, the median CEO salary in the Northeast was $351,000 for large hospitals, and $120,000 for small hospitals. In the Mountain West region of the US, the median salaries for a large hospital was $194,374, and only $80,790 for small hospitals (Charity Navigator 2010) Seven figure salaries are not a normal occurrence among hospital and health system executives.However, according to the Chronicle of Philanthropy, which does an annual national survey of nonprofit salaries, found that the five top-paid nonprofit chief executives in 2003 all worked for hospitals. On top of these exaggerated salaries are the attractive benefits such as bonuses, deferred income, retirement plans, countr y club memberships, and countless other perks that are attracting the wrong kind of leaders to these organizations. Hospitals must provide their social responsibility to the community before spending outrageous salaries for chief executives.It is an unethical practice to pay executive teams more than the total spending on the necessitous care of the community. For example, the survey identified 17 hospitals in California where the total compensation to CEO’s alone exceeded the total cost of charity care of their respective organizations. These excessive salaries could have easily paid hospital bills for uninsured individuals, or could have been used to fund educational programs for the community, provide free immunizations to the public, and or many other beneficial alternatives that could have had a big impact on the community’s health (Mahar, M. 011). It is unjustified for executives to be compensated in amounts greater than $1 million. By capping executive salary at this figure, funds can be reprioritized into community programs such as parenting support programs, screening programs, women, children and infant development clinics, which can be implemented to provide nutrition and educational information for new mothers, and social work programs that could assist individuals and families that face medical related problems, and those who need emotional support.Instead, greed has played a big factor in CEO initiatives. It has not been of rare occurrence for Chief executives to siphon off millions of tax dollars that should be going towards access and quality care. It is unethical for executives at nonprofit organizations to exploit their federally granted nontaxable status to enrich themselves (Swiatek, J. , 2005) Attorney General Michael A. Delaney of New Hampshire announced in May of 2010 that he would review the compensation of CEO’s at more than twenty nonprofit hospitals throughout the state.In a report that reviewed the proposed merg er of two health systems, Mr. Delaney expressed his concern about the pay for Alyson Pitman Giles, President ; CEO of Catholic Medical Center, who earned $1. 4 million in 2009. He stated, â€Å"Nonprofit leaders must be aware that they are the stewards of the charitable assets they oversee, and those assets are held in trust for charitable purposes, not individual gain,† (Gose, B. , 2010)Non-profit hospitals must provide a minimum of charity care in order to receive its tax-free title and its federal grants. However, many hospitals, although they meet the minimum, make no effort to go above and beyond this threshold, instead rewarding these left over funds to be dispersed to the organization’s high-end executives in the form of company cars and country club memberships (Mahar, M. , 2011). These lavish executive benefits in no way benefit the organization. They are unethical and borderline unlawful.Federal law states that non-profit, tax-exempt organizations cannot oper ate to the financial benefit of any individual. In the mid-1990s, Congress passed intermediate sanctions laws that have given the IRS authority to require individuals who make excessive compensation from a non-profit to pay the money back, plus a 25% fin. (Appleby, J. , 2004). It is a common suggestion to compensate executives to match their performance at the organization in which they lead. However there are different ways to measure hospital performance.There is a measure of how well a CEO does in leading his or her hospital in providing beneficial programs to the community; for example, uncompensated care for the poor. Another way to measure or his or her success is by how well CEO’s implement new programs and services that will in hopes attract private pay customers like specialized surgery centers, imaging centers, and cardiac centers. Many healthcare organizations across the nation are expanding and adding unique services that are attracting private pay customers, givi ng hospitals the opportunity to increase profits.This practice has its benefits in both providing a wider range of care for those who can pay, and offering the hospital more means of financial gain, however, in many organizations, this has established precedence over the social missions of nonprofit organizations. In a study conducted by Jeffrey Kramer, PHD, and Rexford E. Santerre, PhD, 30 hospitals in Connecticut were examined on how various measures of performance affect the compensation of CEO’s, which throughout the state, range from a modest $136,000 to an exorbitant $2 million plus salary.The study shows that CEO compensation is directly related to organizational size, stating, â€Å"A 10 percent increase in the number of beds results in an 8 percent increase in CEO pay. † Another 8% increase in pay is attributed to the CEO if the occupancy rate rises by 10%. â€Å"In contrast, providing more uncompensated care and admitting an additional public-pay patient low ers the compensation of hospital CEOs. The results of the study reveal that hospital CEO’s (certainly in the state of Connecticut) have financial incentive to increase the occupancy of privately insured patients rather than uncompensated care and public paid insurance patients, also suggesting that economic performance takes priority over charitable performance (Kramer, J. , ; Santerre, R. E). Notwithstanding, A non-distribution constraint on nonprofit organizations means that excessive profits cannot be distributed among those who make decisions within the organization; this includes employees, managers, and board members.Hence, the nonprofit distinction ought to mean hospital executives are paid based upon their attainment at fulfilling the charitable and social mission of the organization. Nonprofit hospitals have ethical responsibilities and obligations to serve the community, even in times of financial struggle. It is important for these organizations to recruit professi onals that demonstrate the same ideals and values of the organization. Healthcare leaders whose goal is to produce a healthier population through increased public programs and access to care is the type of leader that hospitals and health systems should strive to obtain.Accomplished leaders can be found and appointed as a nonprofit CEO for a more reasonable (6 figure) salary if he or she is in the healthcare industry not for riches, but for offering a greater good. The American Red Cross for example, took in $3. 3 billion in revenue in 2009, however Red Cross CEO Gail McGovern took in only $456,000, according to the organization's IRS filing (Hancock, J. , 2011). McGovern is an example of a leader who recognizes the ethical financial dilemmas of her organization, and will willingly take a more appropriate salary in order to accomplish the organization’s goals.There is no mention of executive compensation in the Patient Protection & Affordable Care Act besides the suggestion t hat compensation should be â€Å"reasonable†. Hospital executives should be paid based on their production within the organization and their contribution to their community. As a nonprofit organization, pursuing the charitable mission should take greatest importance in determining final executive compensation. This aspect of an organization’s mission should never be overshadowed by hospital expansion, financial well-being, or increased services and technology.Although these elements are incredibly important for the organization, the insured population, and the advancement of medicine, it is unethical for charitable organizations to use government subsidies for anything other than charity care and social benefit. Budget cuts, along with a feeble economy has resulted in hospitals engaging in mass layoffs to conserve resources. According to the US Bureau of Labor Statistics, the month of August (2011) consisted of thirteen mass layoffs in hospitals, totaling in over 1,000 jobs lost. The month before consisted of ten mass layoffs with over 600 lost jobs.This puts hospitals on pace for nearly 130 mass layoffs and over 8,000 jobs lost in 2011. To make matters seem worse, in an article posted by FierceHealthcare, a leading source of healthcare management news for healthcare industry executives, AMA data claims that a 2 percent cut in the Medicare program would lead to the loss of 195,000 jobs by 2021 (Caramenico, A. , 2011). These layoffs would be decreased immensely if hospital executives received more appropriate salaries. Excessive salaries are not only draining resources from the hospital, but are also threatening the jobs of nurses, administrators, and other hospital employees.These staff members, who are on an opposite spectrum in terms of salary, face the possibility of layoffs at any time of financial vulnerability. The decision to cut jobs in non-profit hospitals while executives are still receiving Wall Street salaries is unethical of the boar d of trustees. In financially difficult times, executives have the ethical responsibility to take pay cuts in order to maintain the organization’s social reputation. Hospitals are extremely complex organizations that more often than not are the single largest employers in communities across the country.Hospital executives are responsible for making important decisions that will ultimately affect thousands of people. Many CEO’s and members of boards of trustees argue that executive roles are far too important to not have competitive compensation packages. It is argued that million dollar salaries, added bonuses, hefty retirement plans, and other attractive perks are the only way to attract highly effective leaders capable of running a hospital in a time of economic struggle and health reform. Many hospitals have net revenues exceeding the billion-dollar mark, making it easier of Board members to justify seven-figure salaries for CEO’s.President and CEO of New Yor k-Presbyterian Hospital, Dr. Herbert Pardes inherited a $9. 8 million package in 2008 that included $6. 8 million of previously awarded retirement benefits, which he'll receive when he retires at the end of 2011. If Dr. Pardes worked at a public company of about the same size, his salary would be outrageously low. In 2009, Nasdaq CEO Robert Griefeld's total compensation exceeded $13 million while his company's revenues were only $3. 4 billion. New York-Presbyterian has 2,353 beds and pulled in $3 billion in revenue in 2008, up 3% from 2007. A The Greater New York Hospital Association spokesman defended Dr.Pardes’ salary, stating, â€Å"Dr. Pardes' pay reflects his extraordinary success leading this large and complex organization, and exceeding objectives to enhance patient care, strengthen financial stability and promote community health in a very challenging environment. † (Benson, B. , 2010) The Greater New York Hospital Association stated that â€Å"CEO salaries re flect not only a national demand for their services, but also the skills and leadership necessary to operate large, extremely complex medical centers that are open 24/7, generate millions and sometimes billions in revenue, and are often the largest employer in the community. (Benson 2010) Leading one of these charities requires an individual that possesses an understanding of the issues that are unique to the charity’s mission as well as a high level of fundraising and management expertise. Attracting and retaining that type of talent requires a competitive level of compensation as dictated by the marketplace. It is important for donors to understand that since the average charity CEO earns roughly $150,000, a six-figure salary is not necessarily a sign of excessive pay for a mid to large sized charity. Charity Navigator 2010) Today, executives are being paid to keep their organizations afloat amid closings of many hospitals nationwide due to persistently poor financial perfo rmances. CEO’s face constant pressure to hire more staff, increase nurses’ salaries, implement more community programs, and invest in expensive technologies, while at the same time they are aware that insurers want to pay as little as possible. The CEO undoubtedly faces many challenges, and the responsibilities are incredibly complex.Even with a nonprofit status, many oppose executive compensation cuts, arguing that these organizational leaders deserve salaries competitive to corporate pay. Trustees pay executives based on total revenues, as well as how effective they are in providing patient safety, clinical quality, attentive service, and cost effectiveness. Hospital executive compensation should be based on a number of elements, such as total revenue, the size of the organization, as well as the amount and effectiveness of community benefit.Instead of offering company cars and extravagant country club memberships, executives should be entitled to financial incentive s to implement more community benefit programs. Peter Baristone, President & CEO of Mission Hospital located in Laguna Beach, CA referred to his own compensation strategy stating: Collaborating with the community to identify, understand, and respond to community needs that have an impact on health and quality of life is a major goal for all CEO’s. We establish specific quantifiable targets for each goal.One-seventh of my bonus depends on reaching the targets for community health and benefit. (Bogue, R, 1999). I recommend that all nonprofit Boards assemble an independent compensation committee, responsible for reviewing the CEO’s performance and ensuring that the CEO’s pay is appropriate. At its highest, CEO compensation should be capped at $1 million, thus allowing these large, urban hospitals to recycle resources back into the hospital and community programs, while at the same time offering executives a market competitive salary, fit for a CEO.At a time where n early 20% of adults are uninsured and community residents are in need of help in the form of various programs, it is more important than ever for nonprofit hospitals to perform its duty of being a â€Å"non-profit† organization and be of greater service to the community in which it serves. Nonprofits not only have the legal responsibility to implement such benefits, but also have the moral and ethical duty to carry out their social missions to the best of their ability, and as far as their recourses let them.By capping executive compensation, these resources can be better allocated to provide more charity care, to implement more community programs and benefits to produce a healthier community, and ensure fairness among staff salaries. â€Å"Hospitals are unquestionably complex institutions that require skilled managers, but there's no place for Wall Street-level salaries if we want an affordable health care system. † –Mark Scherzer (Benson, B. , 2010) Works Cite d: Terry, K. (2009, February 13). IRS Report Puts Tax-Exempt Hospitals Under Microscope – CBS News.Breaking News Headlines: Business, Entertainment & World News – CBS News. Retrieved December 5, 2011, from http://www. cbsnews. com/8301-505123_162- 43840159/irs-report-puts-tax-exempt-hospitals-under-microscope/? tag=bnetdoma in Charity Navigator. (n. d. ). 2010 Compensation Study. Retrieved October 15, 2011, from www. charitynavigator. org/__asset__/st Mahar, M. (2011, March 24). Health Beat: High CEO Salaries at Nonprofit Hospitals Under Scrutiny†¦Once Again. Health Beat. Retrieved November 5, 2011, from http://www. healthbeatblog. om/2011/03/high-ceo-salaries-at- Swiatek, J. (2005, February 6). Pay is healthy for hospitals' executives Corporate-like salaries seen at nonprofits' top jobs. The Indianapolis Star. Retrieved September 29, 2011, from www2. indystar. com/articles/6/220029-4276-P. html Gose, B. (2010). Nonprofit CEO Pay Under Scrutiny. Chronicle Of Phila nthropy, 22(16), 8. Appleby, J. , & TODAY, U. (2004, September 30). USATODAY. com – IRS looking closely at what non-profits pay. News, Travel, Weather, Entertainment, Sports, Technology, U. S. & World – USATODAY. com.Retrieved November 5, 2011, from http://www. usatoday. com/money/companies/management/2004-09-30-salary- Kramer, J. , & Santerre, R. E. (2010). Not-for-Profit Hospital CEO Performance and Pay: Some Evidence from Connecticut. Inquiry, 47(3), 242-251 Hancock, J. (2011, August 28). For hospitals, ‘nonprofit' stops with CEO's paycheck – Baltimore Sun. Featured Articles From The Baltimore Sun. Retrieved November 4, 2011, from http://articles. baltimoresun. com/2010-08-29/health/bs-bz-hancock-hospital-pay-20100829_1_hospitals-executive-compensation-ceos Caramenico, A. 2011, October 4). More mass layoffs as hospitals face payment cuts – FierceHealthcare. Healthcare News, Hospital News, Healthcare Companies — Fierce Healthcare. Retrieved October 26, 2011, from http://www. fiercehealthcare. com/story/more-mass-layoffs- hospitals-face-payment-cuts/2011-10-04 Benson, B. (2010). Hospital execs enjoy healthy paydays. (cover story). Crain's New York Business, 26(12), 1-15. Bogue, R. (1999). An incentive for community health. Linking CEO compensation to community goals. Trustee: The Journal For Hospital Governing Boards, 52(5), 15-19.